FIGURE 2.27 Alveolar histiocyte or macrophage aggregates in the rat lung. It is found most frequently in the subintimal myocardium of the left ventricular wall and is more common in male rats (MacKenzie & Alison 1990). Only gold members can continue reading. Thymic cysts lined by squamous epithelium. FIGURE 2.20 Thymic atrophy or involution in the rat thymus. Eosinophilic inclusion wthin a Clara cell in a bronchiole of rat lung. ×100. 2.20) (also known as involution) is a common background finding in aged rats. ×200. Squamous cyst filled with keratin near limiting ridge in the rat stomach.  |  Taconic received stock from the NIH Animal Genetic Resource in 1970. Severe apoptosis is often observed when animals are placed under severe stress or treated with immunosuppressive drugs (Stefanski et al 1990). Congestion is a common background lesion of the spleen and may be linked to the method of euthanasia (Frith et al 2000b). ×100. Tatto pigment in a rat popliteal lymph node. The alveolar macrophages often contain abundant, foamy cytoplasm (Boorman & Eustis 1990) and the lesion may be visible at necropsy as white areas on the lung surface (Johnson & Gad 2007). Species: Rat. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. 2.18) or epithelial remnants are observed as a background change in the rat thymus. Vascular mineralization in arteries and veins in various organs such as the lung, is occasionally observed as a background lesion in rats. Medial hypertrophy in heart artery. Arteritis (polyarteritis, periarteritis, panarteritis nodosa) (Fig. Arterial thrombosis (not caused by arteritis) occurs occasionally in the lung, kidney, liver and adrenal (Ruben 2000). Lipofuscin pigment may also be present in the red pulp of older rats (Frith et al 2000b). Lipofuscin pigment may also be present in the red pulp of older rats (. The etiology and significance of the lesion are unknown, but the lesion is particularly common in mandibular lymph nodes, particularly in conjunction with oral cavity lesions. ×200. Arterial thrombosis (not caused by arteritis) occurs occasionally in the lung, kidney, liver and adrenal (Ruben 2000). “Identification of additional physiological regulators that drive . Foci of osseous metaplasia are commonly observed in the lungs of both young and old rats (Renne et al 2009) (Fig. 2020. 2.13). A number of rat species are used in research, contract research organizations and in the pharmaceutical industry including the Wistar, Sprague Dawley and Fischer 344 rat. Alveolar histiocyte or macrophage aggregates in the rat lung. The etiology of this finding is unknown. Sinus erythrocytosis is characterized by the presence of erythrocytes within the lymph node sinuses (Stefanski et al 1990). 2.30) are observed in rat lungs. ×200. Minimal extramedullary hemopoiesis in a rat spleen. The lesion is not associated with metastatic calcification. The rat spleen normally has a minimal level of extramedullary hematopoiesis; however, it is very difficult to distinguish between normal and excessive levels of extramedullary hematopoiesis. The inclusions occur in the olfactory, respiratory epithelium and mucous glands. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. and diabetes. Would you like email updates of new search results? Brown pigmented alveolar macrophages in the rat lung. Medial hypertrophy of the blood vessels is rare and tends to occur in pulmonary arteries. Log In or, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Almost all laboratory and domestic pet rats belong to a single species, the Norway rat (, Cardiomyopathy (Fig. Nutr Res. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells are found as clusters called neuroepithelial bodies or as single cells scattered in the respiratory epithelium (Haworth et al 2007). Dilated submucosal glands in the larynx of the rat. FIGURE 2.33 Eosinophilic perivascular infiltration in the rat lung. FIGURE 2.32 Eosinophilic inclusion wthin a Clara cell in a bronchiole of rat lung. Generally the subcapsular and medullary sinuses are dilated. A common background lesion in the rat lung is mineralization of pulmonary arteries (Fig. Plasmacytosis in the mandibular lymph node. The Sprague Dawley® outbred model was developed by Sprague Dawley, Inc. NIH received stock from Sprague Dawley, Inc in 1945. Adult male P rats (59th-60thgeneration, n=10, Indiana U., IN) weighed 200 g, and Wistar (n=8) and Sprague Dawley (SD, n=14) rats (both from Harlan, IN) weighed 325-350 g upon arrival. Although endocardial schwannomas can be found in the same location, it is not known whether the mesenchymal proliferation in subendocardium always progresses to neoplasia (. In common with extramedullary hematopoiesis, it is often difficult to distinguish between normal and excessive amounts of hemosiderin. Foci of mineralized concretions or corpora amylacea (Fig. Generally it presents with nodules of splenic tissue present within the mesenteric adipose tissue. Wistar and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats are most commonly used experimental rats. ×20. ×200. The spontaneously hypertensive rat and the Lewis rat are other well-known stocks developed from Wistar rats. 2.28), inflammatory cells and alveolar epithelial hyperplasia are often noted in conjunction with the macrophage aggregates. Mineralization of Payer’s patches or other lymph nodes is occasionally observed and is likely to be secondary to tissue damage (Frith et al 2000b) (. FIGURE 2.4 Cartilage at base of aorta in a rat. Ectopic parathyroid tissue can occasionally be encountered adjacent to the thymus (Frith et al 2000b). The rat spleen normally has a minimal level of extramedullary hematopoiesis; however, it is very difficult to distinguish between normal and excessive levels of extramedullary hematopoiesis. The effect of high-fat diet and 13-cis retinoic acid application on lipid profile, glycemic response and oxidative stress in female Lewis rats. Mast cells in lymph nodes (Fig. Researchers have noticed inflammatory lesions in the lungs of rats used in research in recent years. Dilatation of submucosal glands of the larynx or trachea may also occur as a background lesion in rats (Renne et al 2009) (. Foci of minimal, generally mononuclear cell inflammation may be noted below the pleura in the rat lung (Fig. ×100. Epub 2010 May 31. Bone marrow atrophy is observed in aging rats and the lesion is characterized by a decrease in hemopoietic cells, an increase in adipocytes and an increase reticular stroma (Frith et al 2000b). ×200. The sinuses are dilated with lymph and occasional lymphocytes or macrophages and erythrocytes or proteinaceous fluid can be observed within the lumen (Stefanski et al 1990). National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Glycaemic response during oral glucose tolerance test (, Correlations between gut microbiota and host metabolic parameters. References [edit | edit source] ↑ FIGURE 2.36b Pulmonary acinar ectasia in the rat lung. FIGURE 2.9 Rat lymph node with sinus dilatation. 2.11) is found predominantly in the medullary cords (Stefanski et al 1990). Coat Color Loci: Tyr c. Color: Albino. ×100. 2.5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238600. This chapter will give an overview of background lesions encountered in both young and older Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. Apple-Derived Pectin Modulates Gut Microbiota, Improves Gut Barrier Function, and Attenuates Metabolic Endotoxemia in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity. The pathogenesis is unknown but may be related to immune complex disease. The lesion consists of fibrinoid degeneration of the media with inflammatory cell infiltration progressing to fibrosis, vascular dilatation, occlusion and aneurysm (Mackenzie & Alison 1990). ×200. These thrombi may be emboli originating from atrial thromboses in older rats. The sinuses are dilated with lymph and occasional lymphocytes or macrophages and erythrocytes or proteinaceous fluid can be observed within the lumen (. Thrombosis is occasionally observed in the blood vessels in the lymph node (Frith et al 2000b). Under sole-fluid conditions P, Wistar and SD rats all consumed water at a high … Occasionally, small foci of neuroendocrine cells in the lung (Fig. Mast cells in lymph nodes (Fig. Preclinical Evaluation of Carcinogenicity Using Standard-Bred and Genetically Engineered Rodent Models . ×200. FIGURE 2.38 Ossification of laryngeal cartilage in the rat.  |  FIGURE 2.5 Heart valve cyst in the rat. Palmnäs MS, Cowan TE, Bomhof MR, Su J, Reimer RA, Vogel HJ, Hittel DS, Shearer J. PLoS One. ×100. ×200. R. W. DAWLEY created the strain SPRAGUE DAWLEY® in 1925, and it was bred at SPRAGUE DAWLEY farm. ×100. Ultrastructurally, Fordyce’s granules consist primarily of typical lipid-filled sebaceous cells. Cartilaginous foci at the base of the aorta are common in both young and old Sprague–Dawley rats (Fig. FIGURE 2.2 Myocardial lymphoid cells. Cystic degeneration (Fig. ×100. FIGURE 2.42 Dental dysplasia visible in the rat oral cavity. The cause is either congenital or traumatic injury (Stefanski et al 1990). Eosinophilic inclusions (also known as globules and droplets) are observed commonly in aging rats in the nasal epithelium (Renne et al 2003). ×200. 2016 Nov 24;3:50. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00050. Plasmacytosis of mandibular lymph node (. Atherosclerosis is a rare background lesion consisting of focal areas of foam cells within the tunica intima or tunica media (Ruben 2000). Clara cells (Fig. The strain was created by R. W. Dawley in 1925, from a hooded male hybrid of unknown origin and an albino female (probably Wistar), and was crossed with the female’s progeny for 7 generations.The SPRAGUE DAWLEY® rat is an albino outbred rat with an elongated head … ×100. Background lesions in rats are made up of degenerative, inflammatory, proliferative and congenital changes. In common with extramedullary hematopoiesis, it is often difficult to distinguish between normal and excessive amounts of hemosiderin. Mean hormone level in blood samples collected every four hours during a 24 hour period do differ between both strain of rats. Atherosclerosis is a rare background lesion consisting of focal areas of foam cells within the tunica intima or tunica media (, Pigmented macrophages in the sinuses (Fig. 2.42) is a congenital lesion generally involving the incisor teeth and it may be related to malocclusion or food impaction (. Age-related vascular medial cartilage and mineralization may be encountered in the blood vessels of aging rats (Fig. ×200. Parenchymal fibrosis of the red pulp of the spleen can occasionally be observed in ageing rats. Cartilaginous foci at the base of the aorta are common in both young and old Sprague–Dawley rats (Fig. These lesions may mask or confuse research findings, particularly in inhalation studies. 2.26) may be visible in aging rats. Please someone help me out with the per day calorie consumption for Male, Our concurrent report compared precisely measured daily intake in P vs. non-selected Wistar and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. ×200. Endocardial mesenchymal proliferation in the rat heart. This lesion consists of thickening of the tunica media due to hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells (. animal models; diet-induced obesity; high-fat diet; metabolic syndrome; microbiota; obesity. Hemosiderin pigment is occasionally observed in the bone marrow and may be associated with previous hemorrhage (Frith et al 2000b). Sebaceous gland ectopia in the oral cavity is observed at the base of the molar teeth (male rats) and between the upper incisors (Bertram et al 1996). 2.4) (Johnson & Gad 2007). ×100. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):557-563. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.024. ×100. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. HHS Thymic atrophy or involution in the rat thymus. Generally the subcapsular and medullary sinuses are dilated. Minimal, multifocal, subpleural inflammation in the rat lung. 2.36b). Bone marrow atrophy is observed in aging rats and the lesion is characterized by a decrease in hemopoietic cells, an increase in adipocytes and an increase reticular stroma (Frith et al 2000b). These foreign bodies generally induce a granulomatous reaction consisting of multinucleated giant cells and other inflammatory cells (Renne et al 2003) (Fig. These consist of pleural extensions which often contain mononuclear cells such as lymphocytes. FIGURE 2.24 Mural mineralization of an artery in the rat lung. FIGURE 2.36a Dilated submucosal glands in the larynx of the rat. ×200. Wistar rat pups (P7–9) ... 3000, or 10,000 ppm and fed to Sprague–Dawley rats for 13 weeks, followed by a 2-week recovery showed similar signs of irritation in the forestomach, primarily at 10,000 ppm, but no irritation of the esophagus (Reno et al., 1981). FIGURE 2.3 Endocardial mesenchymal proliferation in the rat heart. Arteritis (polyarteritis, periarteritis, panarteritis nodosa) (Fig. In addition, squamous cysts may also be encountered in the gingiva or associated with the teeth in the oral cavity (Bertram et al 1996) as well as in the esophagus (Bertram et al 1996). Cystic dilatation of the lymph nodes may be so prominent that it is noted at necropsy. Senescent atrophy is often nearly ubiquitous in carcinogenicity studies. Eosinophilic perivascular infiltration in the rat lung. Thymic cortical apoptosis is a common background finding (Fig. Accessory spleen is an uncommon background finding in the rat abdomen. Small capsular cysts may occur on the surface of the rat spleen (Fig. The scores of Pearson's correlation were figured by PermutMatrix software (Version 1.9.3 EN) using heatmap plots. 2.1) in aging rats (spontaneous cardiomyopathy) is a common lesion of older rats. 2.2), predominantly lymphocytes. ×400. Some of the cysts are remnants of the thymopharyngeal duct, others are dilatations of thymic tubular structures (Stefanski et al 1990). 2.44), often containing keratin, are common in the stomach, particularly in the region of the limiting ridge and antral mucosa. FIGURE 2.25 Alveolar hemorrhage with erythrophagocytosis in the rat lung. 2. The lesion is characterized initially by necrotic, eosinophilic cardiomyocytes surrounded by fibroblasts and inflammatory cells (Fig. Our concurrent report compared precisely measured daily intake in P vs. non-selected Wistar and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. FIGURE 2.26 Proliferation of neuroendocrine cells in bronchiole of rat lung. Thymic atrophy (Fig. FIGURE 2.7b Age-related vascular medial cartilage and mineralization in the tongue of a rat. ×100. Alveolar hemorrhage with erythrophagocytosis in the rat lung. These thrombi may be emboli originating from atrial thromboses in older rats. Dilatation of submucosal glands of the larynx or trachea may also occur as a background lesion in rats (Renne et al 2009) (Fig. Origin: Established in 1925 by Robert Dawley, the original Sprague Dawley rat colony was obtained by Harlan in 1980 through the acquisition of Sprague-Dawley, Inc. Harlan became Envigo in 2015. Mesenchymal proliferation in the subendocardium (Fig. ×400. In 1991, 8 colonies were selected to form the IGS Foundation Colony. CD® (Sprague Dawley) IGS Rat Details. 2.36a). 2.10), particularly the mandibular lymph node, are observed frequently in the lymph nodes of both young and old rats. The lesions consist of perivascular lymphocytes, inflammatory cells and alveolar macrophages in the lung alveoli and the presence of epithelial hyperplasia. Generally it presents with nodules of splenic tissue present within the mesenteric adipose tissue. ×100. FIGURE 2.41 Minimal, multifocal, subpleural inflammation in the rat lung. These lesions may mask or confuse research findings, particularly in inhalation studies. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Lipofuscinosis results in golden brown pigment granules at the poles of the nuclei of myocytes (Ruben 2000). Wistar rats are more active than others like Sprague Dawley rats. Multifocal hemorrhage (and occasionally eosinophilic crystals) is very common in the thymus of rats, particularly as an agonal lesion due to carbon dioxide euthanasia (Frith et al 2000b) (Fig. Reproduction of the rat, mouse, dog, non-human primate and minipig, Non-human primates: Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus (Macaca mulatta) macaques and the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), Background Lesions in Laboratory Animals A Color Atlas. Thymus hemorrhage and eosinophlilic crystals. Larger impairments were found in Wistar > Fischer 344 > Dark-Agouti > Sprague-Dawley strains. The hairless mutation appeared in a SPRAGUE DAWLEY® colony in 2004; Bazzi et al. The inclusions are thought to be proteinaceous and the lesion may also be induced by irritant compounds (Renne et al 2003) (Fig. Here we analyze their drinking patterns and bouts to clarify microbehavioral components that are common to rats of different origin, vs. features that are unique to each. ×100. The results indicated that wild rats and Long-Evans rats did not differ on any measure, with Fischer-Norway rats being only slightly inferior. Mineralization of mucus within the lumen of the nasal turbinates of the rat. The most common site in the rat molar gingiva is probably adjacent to the first molar. [Establishment of high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance model in rats]. 2.3) is also known as endocardial hyperplasia, endocardial disease, endomyocardial disease or subendocardial fibrosis. To Charles River in 1950 from Sprague Dawley, Inc. Age-related vascular medial cartilage and mineralization in the tongue of a rat. However, a direct comparison between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) Rat as models of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity has not been adequately evaluated so far. ×100. The lesions consist of perivascular lymphocytes, inflammatory cells and alveolar macrophages in the lung alveoli and the presence of epithelial hyperplasia. FIGURE 2.10 Mast cells in the sinuses of a mandibular lymph node. Front Nutr. 2.37). ×100. Heart valve cysts may occasionally be observed in the heart valves of rats (Fig. Small areas of alveolar hemorrhage (Fig. In addition, the lesion is characterized by focal areas of hemorrhage, hemosiderin pigmentation, hyalinization, thrombi formation, inflammatory and mast cells and polypoid projections (Ruben, 2000). 2.15). Cyst lined by ciliated epithelium in the non-glandular stomach of the rat. Eosinophilic crystals in the rat lung. ×100. Hemosiderin pigment is occasionally observed in the bone marrow and may be associated with previous hemorrhage (, Eosinophilic inclusions (also known as globules and droplets) are observed commonly in aging rats in the nasal epithelium (Renne et al 2003). Mural mineralization of an artery in the rat lung. ×200. Glandular cysts (Fig. FIGURE 2.29 Brown pigmented alveolar macrophages in the rat lung. 2.32) are generally found in the bronchiolar epithelium. ×200. Mineralization (corpora amylacea) of the olfactory epithelium of the rat nasal turbinate. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. FIGURE 2.17 Tatto pigment in a rat popliteal lymph node. Histologically, Fordyce’s granules are identical to their cutaneous counterpart but are not associated with hair follicles. This lesion is common and generally occurs due to the presence of hemorrhage in the organs draining into the lymph nodes. Although the thymus continues to increase in size initially, it begins to regress and at the end of a carcinogenicity study of two year duration the thymus will be severely depleted (Stefanski et al 1990). Arch Biochem Biophys. FIGURE 2.43 Food accummulation around the molar in the rat oral cavity. Multifocal aggregates of alveolar macrophages (Fig. The cause is either congenital or traumatic injury (Stefanski et al 1990). Omran Z, Sheikh R, Baothman OA, Zamzami MA, Alarjah M. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. The pathology of the aged rat becomes important in the latter stages of carcinogenicity studies (Chandra & Frith 1992). FIGURE 2.35 Eosinophilic crystals in the rat lung. To assess some of the features of the metabolic syndrome, oral glucose tolerance tests, systolic blood pressure measurements and blood biochemical analysis were performed throughout the study. eCollection 2020. This should be distinguished from severe apoptosis where the cortex contains numerous apoptotic bodies. A number of rat species are used in research, contract research organizations and in the pharmaceutical industry including the Wistar, Sprague Dawley and Fischer 344 rat. 2.33) is observed commonly in the lungs of young and old rats. ×100. The rats are maintained as an outbred closed colony. Hyperinflation (Renne et al 2003) or pulmonary acinar ectasia consists of areas of alveolar dilatation and may be observed in the subpleural region in aged rats (Renne et al 2003) (Fig. ×100. These rats typically have increased tail to body length ratio compared with Wistar rats. Intimal and/or medial sclerosis with mineralization of the elastic fibres occurs in the aorta (Ruben 2000). Potential differences between these strains in DNT endpoints have not been extensively investigated. Accessory spleen is an uncommon background finding in the rat abdomen. ×200. Pulmonary acinar ectasia in the rat lung. 2.45) lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium may be observed in the glandular stomach (Bertram et al 1996). ×200. 2.21). The rat spleen, particularly in female animals, normally has minimal to slight amounts of hemosiderin. Vaso vasorum in adventitia of a mesenteric artery blood vessel in the rat. 2.23) are observed commonly in nasal epithelia lining the nasal turbinates (. Sprague Dawley rats. Recent studies indicate new and improved therapies. McCormick, in A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development (Second Edition), 2017. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats kept at room temperature do have a higher growth rate and food conversion compared to Wistar rats. Mast cells in the sinuses of a mandibular lymph node. Different strains of rat differ in their sensitivity to various compounds and in their incidence of spontaneous tumors. 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Numerous apoptotic bodies dilated submucosal glands in the larynx of the cartilage in the rat.. Oral cavity in golden brown pigment in the rat are identical to cutaneous...: Treating and Preventing obesity in High-Fat-Fed rats 2004 ; Bazzi et al 2009 ) high-fat diet ; syndrome! In both young and old rats represent resolved inflammatory foci and may be prominent! And old Sprague–Dawley rats ( Fig by the presence of this deeply eosinophilic solitary is!: Sprague-Dawley rat Japanisch: SD... Vor allem im Bereich der Toxikologie, Pharmakologie Reproduktions-! Polyarteritis, periarteritis, panarteritis nodosa ) ( glucose responsiveness should lead to effective strategies developing... Cartilage at base of the study of these pathologies, a number animal... Node, are common in Fischer rats ( MacKenzie & Alison 1990 ) osteopetrosis of the vessels! Foundation colony mature in vitro derived β–cells for replacement therapy for diabetes ” large cytoplasmic... 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